26709 - Microbiological diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Compulsory
5.2. Learning tasks
The program offered to the students to achieve the results include the following activities...
Master classes (40 h. presence classes). Theoretical classes for revising the general principles of the Clinical Microbiology distributed in parts, which they include: general microbiology, Bacteriology, Mycology, Virology and Parasitology.
Seminars, problems and cases
The aim of the seminars is to deepen in some practical aspects of the subject and have been designed to propitiate the interrelationship between the theoretical and practical learning. The students are divided in groups of 40 to facilitate a major participation. The following seminars are included: 1. Microbiological direct diagnosis. 2. Microbiological indirect diagnosis 1. 3. Microbiological indirect diagnosis 2. 4. Diagnosis of hepatitis and HIV infection. 5. Parasitology: request form, collection and transport of samples. Helmintos's movie. 6. Movies of parasitic diseases.
Laboratory practices.
Practices of Microbiology (3 hours presence hours)
1. Collection, transport and conservation of the samples. Safety procedure. Surface streak procedure. Gram's stain.
2. Uroculture interpretation. Colony counting and significance. Biochemical tests procedures and antibiogram.
3. Reading of the biochemical tests and identification of microorganisms.
4. Reading of the antibiogram.
The students, in groups of 5, will deliver a portfolio on having finished the practices of microbiology, in a concise and tidy form, with a summary of the realized practices, with the schemes and the complementary documentation that they consider to be adapted to complement their learning. They will have to figure schemes and/or drawings that represent the observations and developed experiences. The above mentioned memory also will refer to the clinical practices.
Parasitology's practices (3 hours presence classes)
- Diagnosis techniques. Macrocospic and microscopic identification of parasites.
Evaluation: Continuous evaluation according to his participation and managing in practices. In addition, the students, in groups of 5, will deliver a portfolioes with schemes and a summary of the practices of parasitology, as well as the drawings, representations or comments that they consider to be suitable. Both portfolioes will have a maximum extension of 5 sheets of paper, with letter arial of 12 points and double space. They will have to submit to the Professor before the date indicated in the paragraph " Key Dates of the Subject " of this guide.
Clinical practices (4 hours presence classes)
- Visit to a Clinical laboratory: sections, distribution, general organization, devices (autoclaves, culture stoves, fluorescence microscope, centrifuges, etc.).
- Configuration and activities of clinical microbiological diagnosis of different sections of the Laboratory.
- Knowledge of big equipments and robots: enzimoinmunoassay, identification and susceptibility testing, molecular diagnosis, bloodcultures ...
- Report and interpretation of laboratory tests.
Clinical practices in the Faculty of Sciences of the Health and of the Sport of Huesca (4 hours presence classes) will be done by means of the presentation of clinical cases in limited groups.
"Every student will be informed about the risks that it can have the accomplishment of the practices of this subject, as well as if they handle dangerous products and what to do in case of accident, and it will have to sign the commitment to expiring with the procedure of work and safety to carry out the practices. For more information, consult the information for students of the Unit of Prevention of Labor Risks: http: // uprl.unizar.es/estudiantes.html
"Every student who carry out practical activities with personal information or of the patients' clinical history, is forced to guard the confidentiality of the same ones".
5.3. Syllabus
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MICROBIOLOGICAL
PROCEDURES
General
1. Introduction to Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology. Historical memory. Current concept and content of the subject.
2. General characteristics of the bacteria. Structure and composition of the bacterial cell. Capsule, flagella, fimbrias, glicocalix. Cellular wall. Citoplasmic membrane. Cytoplasm. Bacterial chromosome. Bacterial division. Esporulation and germination.
3. Bacterial physiology. Metabolism and nutrition. Production of energy: aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Fermentation. Growth and reproduction. Curve of bacterial growth.
4. Bacterial genetics. Mutations. Plasmids, sequences of insertion, transposons and integrons. Transfer and bacterial recombination. Transformation, transduction, conjugation, transposition.
5. Mechanism of action of the physical and chemical agents on the microorganisms. Sterilization and disinfection.
6. Antimicrobial agents. Classification, mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance. Methods of susceptibility study. The basis for the clinical employment of the antimicrobial agents.
7. Host-bacteria relationship. Bacterial ecology. Infection and infectious disease. Determinants of patogenicity. Normal flora of human.
8. The basis of epidemiology and prevention. The epidemiological chain. Types of prevention
9. Microbiological diagnosis. Taxonomy and bacterial classification. Keys of identification. The basis for the direct and indirect diagnosis (serology).
Bacteriology
10. Staphylococcus. S. aureus and related Gram positive cocci.
11. Streptococcus. S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae. Enterococcus,
12. Neisseria. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Moraxella.
13. Haemophilus. H. influenzae and related species. AACEK group of bacteria. Bordetella. B. pertussis and other species. Gardnerella vaginalis.
14. Legionella. Legionella pneumophila. Brucella, Francisella, Pasteurella.
15. Enterobacteriaceae. Opportunistic enterobacterias. Shigella and Escherichia.
16. Salmonella. S. typhi. Yersinia. Y. pestis.
17. Pseudomonas. P. aeruginosa. Acinetobacter and other non-fermenting Gram negative rods. Aeromonas y Plesiomonas.
18. Vibrio. V. cholerae. Campylobacter. Helicobacter.
19. Corynebacterium. C. diphteriae and other species. Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Rhodococcus, Tropheryma. Bacillus. B. anthracis.
20. Clostridium. C. botulinum. C. tetani. Other species of medical interest. Non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides. Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus.
21. Nocardia. Actinomyces.
22. Mycobacterium. M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. Other species of medical interest.
23. Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira.
24. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. Chlamydia and Chlamydophila.
25. Rickettsia, Coxiella, Bartonella, Rochalimaea, Ehrlichia.
Micology
26. Superficial and cutaneous mycoses. Malassezia furfur and dermatophytes: Mycrosporum, Epidermothyton and Trichophyton. Opportunistic mycoses: Candida albicans and other species. Cryptococcus neoformans. Subcutaneous mycoses. Sporothrix schenckii
27. Systemic mycoses caused by dimorphic fungi: Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides inmitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Aspergillus spp. and other opportunistic mycoses.
Virology
28. General characteristics of viruses. Structure. Symmetry. Cultive. Replication. Viral genetics. Mechanisms of pathogenicity. Classification. Antiviral agents. Family Poxviridae. Family Papillomaviridae. Family Polyomaviridae. Family Adenoviridae. Family Parvoviridae.
29. Family Herpesviridae.
30. Family Orthomyxoviridae.
31. Families Paramyxoviridae and Coronaviridae.
32. Families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae and Reoviridae.
33. Families Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Astroviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Filoviridae and Arenaviridae.
34. Family Retroviridae.
35. Hepatitis viruses.
Parasitology
36. Introduction to Clinical Parasitology. Intestinal amoebaes: Entamoeba hystolitica. Free-living amoebaes.
37. Intestinal flagellates: Giardia. Dientamoeba. Ciliados: Balantidium. Urogenital flagellates: Trichomonas. Intestinal coccidian: Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora.
38. Blood and tissue protozoa: Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Leishmania and Toxoplasma.
39. Intestinal nematodes: Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris, Ancylostoma, Necator and Strongyloides. Tissue nematodes: Trichinella, Filarias.
40. Cestodes: Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus. Trematodes: Fasciola and Schistosoma.